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The Possibility Of Ancient Aliens In Regard To How We Measure Time!

By!

Ian Beardsley!

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Important To Point Out

You can speak of the structure of the solar system even though it changes with time. This is

important to understand when I refer to sizes of the Moon and the planets, and their orbital

distances.

The whole object of developing a theory for the way planetary systems form is that they meet the

following criterion: They predict the Titius-Bode rule for the distribution of the planets; the

distribution gives the planetary orbital periods from Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation. The

distribution of the planets is chiefly predicted by three factors: The inward forces of gravity from

the parent star, the outward pressure gradient from the stellar production of radiation, and the

outward inertial forces as a cloud collapses into a flat disc around the central star. These forces

separate the flat disc into rings, agglomerations of material, each ring from which a different

planet forms at its central distance from the star (it has a thickness). In a theory of planetary

formation from a primordial disc, it should predict the Titius-Bode rule for the distribution of

planets today, which was the distribution of the rings from which the planets formed.

The data in this paper is in Appendix 1 at its end.

I would like to clarify something here about the Moon:

I have shown the second in the paper is the base unit for both the Earth/Moon/Sun system as

wave solution and the proton making them connected to things like G, c, and h and that we have

this second when things are such that there is a perfect eclipse. The theory does not depend on

the eclipse, just the Radius of the Sun to the Radius of the Moon for the wave solution which is

the orbital radius of the Earth to the orbital radius of the Moon which is the condition of a near

perfect eclipse.

We got the second from the rotation period of the Earth at the time the moon came to perfectly

eclipse the Sun.

That is as the Earth’s day gets longer and the lunar orbit grows larger, we got the second at the

time that the Earth day was what it is during the epoch when the Moon perfectly eclipses the

Sun, 24 hours.

The near perfect eclipse is a mystery in the sense that it came to happen when anatomically

modern humans arrived on the scene, even before that, perhaps around Homo Erectus and the

beginning of the Stone Age. The Earth day was 18 hours long, long before that, 1.4 billion years

ago. Homo Erectus is around two to three million years ago.

I wrote in the first paragraph at the bottom:

"...but the theory prompts one to suggest the perfect eclipse has perhaps been a message to

humans, since hunting with stone spearpoint to present day having gone to the Moon, to tell us

we are here for reason."

I didn't say it wasn't a coincidence, but that it "prompts one to suggest" It has no bearing on the

theory.

Also, the Earth has been in the habitable zone since 4 billion years ago (0.9 AU) and that

habitable zone can continue to 1.2 AU. So we can speak of the distance to the Earth over much

time. The Earth and Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago.

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In order to suggest that ancient aliens had a hand in developing the way we measure time I

have to show the second, which has ancient origins, is a natural constant that solves

everything from atoms to the solar system in modern physics.!

The Natural constants, such as the constant of gravitation G, the Planck constant for the

atoms, h, and the speed of light c describe the properties of space and time. I have found they

are very conducive to our base unit for measuring time, the second. However, the base unit of

a second was given to us by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia who were among the ﬁrst

to settle down from wandering and gathering, from hunting with stone spearpoints to create

agriculture, writing, and mathematics. They divided the day from sunrise to sunset into 12 units

that we call today in the West, hours. As such there are 24 hours in a day from sunrise to

sunrise. They had a base 60 counting system because 60 is evenly divisible by so much, like

1,2,3,4,5,6,…the ﬁrst six integers. It is the smallest number to do this. The Babylonians

adopted this base 60 (called sexagesimal) from the Sumerians, and divide their hour into 60

minutes, and the minutes into 60 seconds. We got our system from the Babylonians. Since one

day (24 hours) is the time for the Earth to make one revolution on its axis, the second comes

from dividing the Earths rotation by these numbers. But I didn’t just ﬁnd that the natural

constants described the second, but that they formed spacetime operators that solve the atom

today in modern physics, and the solar system with the Schrödinger wave equation that

describes the atom in quantum mechanics. I further found that this is done with the Earth’s

moon, which seems to be a natural yardstick for measuring size and mass. This says a great

deal about the mystery known to astronomy for a long time that the Moon perfectly eclipses

the Sun as seen from the Earth. In fact, it becomes part of the solution to planetary systems,

like our solar system, for them to have life optimally possible. We know the Moon orbiting the

Earth optimizes the condition for life on Earth by holding the Earth at its tilt to its orbit around

the Sun allowing for the seasons and thus preventing extreme cold and extreme hot. Not only

does the lunar eclipse like this play a key role in the equations, but the theory prompts one to

suggest the perfect eclipse has perhaps been a message to humans, since hunting with stone

spearpoint to present day having gone to the Moon, to tell us we are here for reason.!

Earth/Moon/Sun System This second I found is the base unit of the orbital dynamics of the

solar system. I found I could create three operators, one that acts on the radius of the proton to

its mass, and the other that acts on the radius of the Sun to its mass, and one that acts on

angular momentum to speed. is Planck’s constant, is the universal constant of gravitation,

is the speed of light, is the ﬁne structure constant, is the radius of a proton, is the

mass of a proton, is the mass of the Moon, is its radius, and the EarthDay is the

rotation period of the Earth:!

(

6α

4πh

)

⋅

= 1secon d

(

(Ear th Da y)

)

⋅

⊙

= 1secon d

⋅

π r

G m

⋅

= 1secon d

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They seem to suggest that the Earth orbit might by quantized in terms of the Moon and a base

unit of one second. Equation 2 is actually 1.3 seconds but rounds to one second. However it is

derived from another equation that gives 1.2 seconds. Namely

It says one second is the Earth Day (completion of one rotation) adjusted by the kinetic energy

of the Moon, to the kinetic energy of the Earth. As we shall see, the quantization in terms of the

Moon is exactly 1 second to nearly two places after the decimal from the ground state of our

solution to the Earth/Moon/Sun system.

We say there is a Planck constant for the solar system. We do it with a base unit of one second

because equations 1 and 2 suggest we should . We suggest it is such that it is given by the

standard Planck constant for the atom, , times some constant, , and the Kinetic energy of the

Earth.

Where

6).

Where equation 6 comes from equation 3.

We derive the value of our solar Planck constant

1secon d =

K E

(Ear th Da y)

ℏ

⊙

= (hC )K E

hC = 1secon d

C =

⋅

π r

G m

C =

⋅

2π r

G m

⋅

18769

299792458

⋅

2π (0.833E − 15)

(6.67408E − 11)(1.67262E − 27)

1.55976565E 33

⋅

kg ⋅ m

⋅

= kg

= energ y

hC = (6.62607E − 34)(1.55976565E33) = 1.03351secon ds ≈ 1.0secon d s

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Now we show that our Planck constant for the solar system gives the base unit of one second for

the quantization. We call our solar Planck constant and find the wavelength for the Moon

which is the ground state for the solar system:

Then wavelength associated with the Moon divided by the speed of light should be 1 second if

our planetary system is quantized in terms of the Moon and a base unit of one second. We have

And we see it is, so we have

The solution for the orbit of the Earth around Sun with the Schrödinger wave equation can be

inferred from the solution for an electron around a proton in the a hydrogen atom with the

Schrödinger wave equation. The Schrödinger wave equation is, in spherical coordinates

10)

Its solution for the atom is

11)

12)

hC =

(

⋅ m ⋅ s

)

(

⋅

)

(

)(

⋅

)

= secon d s

K E

earth

(5.972E 24kg)(30,290m /s)

= 2.7396E 33J

ℏ

⊙

= (hC )K E

earth

= (1.03351s)(2.7396E 33J ) = 2.8314E 33J ⋅ s

ℏ

⊙

moon

ℏ

⊙

(2.8314E 33)

(6.67408E − 11)(7.34763E 22kg)

= 3.0281E8m

moon

3.0281E8m

299,792,458m /s

= 1.010secon d s

moon

= 1secon d

−

ℏ

[

∂

∂r

(

∂

∂r

)

sinθ

∂

∂θ

(

sinθ

∂

∂θ

)

sin

∂

∂ϕ

]

ψ + V(r)ψ = E ψ

E = −

)

2ℏ

ℏ

Z k

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is the energy for an electron orbiting protons and , is the orbital shell for an electron with

protons, the orbital number. I find the solution for the Earth around the Sun utilizes the

Moon around the Earth. This is different than with the atom because planets and moons are not

all the same size and mass like electrons and protons are, and they don’t jump from orbit to

orbit like electrons do. I find that for the Earth around the Sun

13)

14)

is the kinetic energy of the Earth, and is the planet’s orbit. is the radius of the Sun,

is the radius of the Moon’s orbit, is the mass of the Earth, is the mass of the Moon, is

the orbit number of the Earth which is 3 and is the Planck constant for the solar system.

Instead of having protons, we have the radius of the Sun normalized by the radius of

the Moon. It is has always been an amazing fact the the sizes of the Moon and the Sun are such

that given their orbital distances, the Moon as seen from the Earth perfectly eclipses the Sun.

This becomes part of the theory and we suggest it is a condition for sophisticated planets that

harbor life by writing it:

15)

That is the orbital radius of the planet (Earth) to the orbital radius of its moon (The Moon) is

about equal to the the radius of the star (The Sun) to the radius of its moon (The Moon). We say

the system is quantized by the Moon and the base unit of one second. It is a fact that the Moon

orbiting the Earth optimizes the conditions for life on Earth because it holds the Earth at its

inclination to its orbit around the Sun allowing for the seasons, preventing extreme hot and

extreme cold. Let us now see if our solar Planck constant works…

16)

=2.727E36J

The kinetic energy of the Earth is

The accuracy of our equation is:

K E

= n

⊙

⋅

2ℏ

⊙

2ℏ

⊙

⋅

⊙

⋅

K E

⊙

ℏ

⊙

planet

moon

≈

star

moon

⊙

6.96E8m

1737400m

= 400.5986

K E

= (1.732)(400.5986)

(6.67408E − 11)

(5.972E 24kg)

(7.347673E 22kg)

2(2.8314E 33)

K E

(5.972E 24kg)(30,290m /s)

= 2.7396E 33J

2.727E 36J

2.7396E 33J

100 = 99.5 %

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Which is very good. Thus we have solved the Earth/Moon/Sun System with our spacetime

operators by using them to find a Planck constant for the solar system.

We want to suggest that the base 60 dynamic applied to the rotational velocity of the Earth to

measure time has a natural property associated with the atom and the Earth/Moon/Sun orbital

system as a solution to the atom’s wave equation. The Earth day is given by, in seconds

This gives since

Thus we have as factors for the seconds per day the smallest primes 2 and 3, and the 4 of

rectangular coordinate systems, and the versatile, abundant, 60. We then suggest the second is

dynamic in terms of what the ancients gave us because 86400 seconds comes from

and this I suggest is connected to Nature because the Earth rotates at a speed

that gives from these ancient factors the duration of a second that I found is the base unit of the

atomic systems and our planetary system, in particular of our Earth/Moon/Sun system as a

solution of the Schrödinger wave equation that solves the same atomic system, which I will go

into right now.

Proton Radius We see the spacetime operators solve the atom by giving us the radius of a

proton. We set equation 3 equal to equation 1

1).

These two yield

17).

I find this is close to the experimental value of the radius of a proton. I find I can arrive at this

radius of a proton another way, energy is given by Planck’s constant and frequency

We have

(

1d a y

24hrs

)(

1hr

60mi n

)(

1min

60sec

)

86400

d a y

sec

2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 = 24

2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 60 ⋅ 60 = 86400secon d s /day

2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 60 ⋅ 60

⋅

π r

G m

⋅

= 1secon d

(

6α

4πh

)

⋅

= 1secon d

⋅

E = h f

f = 1/s, h = J ⋅ s, h f = (J ⋅ s)(1/s) = J

E = J = Joules = en erg y

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We take the rest energy of the mass of a proton :

The frequency of a proton is

Since our theory gave us the factor of 2/3 for the radius of a proton we have:

The radius of a proton is then

This is very close to the value upon which the proton radius converged historically by two

independent methods which was 0.877E-15m. The result from our theory is

The 0.877fm was challenged in 2010 by a third experiment making it 4% smaller and was

0.842E-15m. We find it may be that the radius of a proton is actually

18)

Where is the golden ratio constant (0.618…). This is more along the lines of more recent

measurements. Both equations 17 and 18 for the radius of the proton can be right depending on

the dynamics of what is going on; the radius of a proton is not precisely defined, it is more of a

fuzzy cloud of subatomic particles. Thus we have solved the atom with our spacetime operators

by producing the radius of a proton. I began working on this theory when the proton radius was

0.833fm so it is what I have been using in this paper. We continue to be honing in on its

experimental value every year with more experiments. The vast gap between the historical

0.877fm and the 2010 0.842fm is known in physics as the proton puzzle.

Indeed if the dynamics of the factors the ancients gave us to create the duration of a second are

connected to the dynamics of stars systems then then the second should define the rotational

angular momentum of the Earth since we divide the rotation period of the Earth into these

factors to get the unit of second, and should be connected to our Planck constant for the solar

system which is in units of angular momentum as well, as is Planck’s constant for the atom.

E = m

⋅

≈ ϕ =

⋅

6.62607E − 34

(299,792,458)(1.67262E − 27)

= 0.88094E − 15m

= ϕ ⋅

= 0.816632E − 15m

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The angular momentum of the Earth with respect to the Sun is 2.66E40 kg m2/s. The rotational

angular momentum is 7.05E33 kg m2/s. In orbit angular momentum is given by

For a uniform rotational sphere it is given by

We found our solar system Planck constant was

This gives

19)

We are now equipped to show that the ancient Sumerians were right in dividing the rotation

period of the Earth (the day) into 24 units (the hour) because

That is

20).

Which is to say the angular momentum of the Earth to its Planck constant gives the base 60

counting in terms of the 24 hour day, the 60 of 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a

minute, that determine our base unit of duration we call a second that happens to be, as I have

shown, the base unit of the wave solution to the atom and the Earth/Moon/Sun system.

Our equation in this paper for the Earth energy as a solution of the wave equation (eq. 13)

13).

does not depend on the Moon’s distance from the Earth, only its mass. The Moon slows the

Earth rotation and this in turn expands the Moon’s orbit, so it is getting larger, the Earth loses

energy to the Moon. The Earth day gets longer by 0.0067 hours per million years, and the

Moon’s orbit gets 3.78 cm larger per year. Equation 20

20)

only specifies divide the day into 24 units, and hours into 60 minutes and minutes into 60

seconds, regardless of what the Earth rotational velocity is. But it was more or less the same as it

L = 2π M f r

L =

π M f r

ℏ

⊙

= 2.8314E 33J ⋅ s

earth

ℏ

⊙

7.05E 33

2.8314E 33

= 2.4899 ≈ 2.5 = 2

2.5(24) = 60

earth

ℏ

⊙

24 = 60

K E

= n

⊙

⋅

2ℏ

⊙

earth

ℏ

⊙

24 = 60

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is now when the Sumerians started civilization. But it may be that it holds for when the Earth

day is such that when the Moon perfectly eclipses the Sun, which we said might be a condition

for the optimization of life preventing extreme hot and cold. That is when 15 holds

15)

Which holds for today and held for the ancient Sumerians and holds for when the Earth rotation

gives the duration of a second we have today.

We want the basis set of equations for the solar system. We have

We have from equation

We have equations

From these it becomes clear that

21)

22)

planet

moon

≈

star

moon

ℏ

⊙

= 3.0281E8m

moon

ℏ

⊙

⋅

= 1.0secon d s

ℏ

⊙

= (hC )K E

hC = 1secon d

⋅

π r

G m

⋅

= 1secon d

(

6α

4πh

)

⋅

= 1secon d

1secon d =

K E

(Ear th Da y)

ℏ

⊙

K E

ℏ

⊙

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23)

Thus combining equation 20 with the following…

21).

20).

Which gives

24)

This is very accurate to give us a second. But notice 6.262 is approximately . We see that

25)

is the circumference of a unit circle, it could be that the circumference of the Earth orbit, can

be taken as 1 (unity) and essentially we have the mystery of base 60 and the 24 hour day of the

ancient Sumerians is solved, it connects unit circle to 1 (unity).

26).

27)

The Hindu Vedic System has a day is 60 ghatika of 24 minutes each, each ghatika is divided

into 60 palas of 24 seconds each, and each pala is divided into 60 vispalas, each vispala of 0.4

ℏ

⊙

(

6α

⋅

4πh

)

K E

moon

= 1secon d

hC = 1secon d

ℏ

⊙

= (hC )K E

K E

ℏ

⊙

earth

ℏ

⊙

24 = 60

1secon d =

(

)

earth

(

)

(7.05E 33)

(6.67408E − 11)((7.347673E 22kg)

(299792458m /s)

(

)

6.262sec = 1.002 secon ds = 1.00secon d s

2π

1 =

(

)

2π

cos(45

∘

) = cos(π /4) =

of 12 18

seconds each. So where our system has a base unit of 1 second, theirs has a base unit of 0.4

seconds, so that could be an advantage to their system, a smaller unit of time is more reﬁned.

Further their day is divided into 60 units, ours into only 24, so their hour, the ghatika is only 24

minutes long, and ours is 60 minutes long, The proponents of this system in India say since

when working and doing chores we do a few chores in an hour, they do about one per ghatika

is 24 minutes, which makes the measure of time more manageable. That could be an

advantage I think. They say our hour is so long because the lines had to be far apart on the

Egyptian Sun Dial so the shadow cast by the Sun didn’t cross-over onto another line. But

today, with modern technology we can make clock lines marking hours closer together and

measure them with a pointer hand pointing to them without any problems, and the result is we

would have a smaller more reﬁned hour (60 of them in a day as opposed to 24). They suggest

this method of measuring time would work better in science and engineering as well, that we

have to get away from the way sun dials had to be made in Egypt in ancient times.!

But they further point out that their system describes Nature. They say theirs are 108,000

vispalas in a day, and 108,000 vispalas in a night giving 216,000 vispalas in a 24 hour day. The

diameter of the Sun is 108 that of the Earth, and the average distance from the Sun to the

Earth is 108 solar diameters, and the average distance from the Moon to Earth is 108 lunar

diameters. 108(10)(10)(10)=108,000. Ourselves and them use base 10 counting, and that is

probably because we have ten ﬁngers to count on.!

Conclusion

In conclusion we have that the unit of a second as derived from the Mesopotamians is a Natural

constant. As well we see the Hindu Vedic system describes Nature as well. It says

( )

To see how this is connected to nature we would have to go into the significance of base 10

counting as we did with base 60 counting. But interesting here is that

⊙

= 2(6.957E8m) = 1.3914E 9m eters

⊙

= SolarRa diu s

= 1.496E11m

= Ear thOrbit

⊙

= 107.52 ≈ 108

moon

= 2(1.74E6m) = 3.48E6m

moon

= Lu n arRa diu s

moon

= 3.845E8m

moon

= Lu n ar Orbit

moon

= 110 ≈ 108

(86,000sec /d a y)

43200

0.4sec /vispala

= 108,000vispala s /d a y

108(10)(10)(10) = 108,000

⊙

= 107.52 ≈ 108

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because

13.

where

15.

16.

Which is to say radius of the Sun to the radius of the Moon in the planetary equation plays the

role of the number of protons (Z) in an element for the energy of the electron orbits in the

atomic equation and that the Moon perfectly eclipses the Sun as see from the earth (eq 15) might

be a condition for sophisticated habitable star systems, we know the Moon allows for the

seasons making life very successful on Earth by preventing temperature extremes. So in the

Hindu Vedic system the diameters of the Sun and Moon fitting into Earth orbit and Lunar orbit

the same amount might play a similar role in a theory. You would have to go into base 10 like we

did with base 60. We have

West

24 hours

60 minutes

60 seconds

India

60 hours

24 minutes

24 seconds

A sort of inversion of things. The incredible thing here is that the wonderful equations,

equations 19 and 20:

19.

20.

unify the Mesopotamian system with the Hindu system because

moon

= 110 ≈ 108

⊙

6.957E8m

6,371,000m

= 109 ≈ 108

K E

= n

⊙

⋅

2ℏ

⊙

planet

moon

≈

star

moon

⊙

6.96E8m

1737400m

= 400.5986

earth

ℏ

⊙

7.05E 33

2.8314E 33

= 2.4899 ≈ 2.5 = 2

earth

ℏ

⊙

24 = 60

of 14 18

This suggests that the Hindu system is just as Natural as the Western system.

Equation 25 that says

25)

1 hour=(60min/hour)(60sec/min)=3600sec=1 Western Hour

1 vispala=0.4sec

60 vispala=(60)(0.4sec)=24 sec=1pala

60 pala = (60)(24 sec)=1440 sec=24 min = 1 ghaticka = 1 HinduHour

28).

where is the circumference of a unit circle, and we have unity on the left, so it could be if you

combine the Indian system of measuring time with the Western system you would have a system

of units for the solar system where the equations work out nicely.

We have said the ancient Sumerians gave us the duration of a second we have today by

dividing up the rotation period of the Earth into 24 units we call hours, which the Babylonians

divided into 60 minutes and 60 seconds that they got from the Sumerian base 60. We have

found in my theory that the 1 second is a natural constant because it is the base unit of our

solution to both the solar system and the atom. We further found the Hindu’s used similar

numbers in an inverted way to the way of the West that came from the Sumerians, and that

their system relates not just to the West’s but to our theory in a dynamic way concerning the

angular momentum of the Earth and our Planck constant for the Solar system. !

The Sumerians of Mesopotamia and the Hindus of the Indus Valley Civilization were of the ﬁrst

civilizations, but so was Egypt. If the second was in Mesopotamia and in India, it was only

1vi spal a = 0.4secon d s

(0.4s)(2.5) = 1secon d

1 =

(

)

2π

1 =

(1440sec)

(3600sec)

2π

1 =

(1gh a t ick a)

(1h our)

2π

1 =

Hin du Hour

Wester n Hour

2π

1 =

(60pal a)

(60mi n)

2π =

(24min)

(60mi n)

2π

1 =

((60)(24sec))

((60)(60sec))

2π =

(60pal a)

(60sec)

2π =

(24sec)

(60sec)

2π

of 15 18

necessary to ﬁnd it in Egypt. Since the Earth spin has been the natural clock for which the

humans ﬁrst measured time since ancient times, the rising and setting of the Sun due to it, I

looked at how much distance through which the earth rotates at its equator in one second. It

is, since this distance is!

where theta is in radians, and the the radius of the Earth is 6.371E6m. The earth rotates

through 360 degrees per 24 hours, or per 86,400 seconds = 0.004167 degrees per second =

7.27E-5 radians. We have!

If the second was to exist in ancient times in Egypt we should see it in the Great Pyramids. The

three largest are in a line and are separated by!

Khufu to Khafre (0.25 miles)!

Khafre to Menkaure (0.3 miles)!

We see the second and third pyramids built, Khafre and Menkaure, which were built in the 25th

century BC and were of the the 4th dynasty of the old kingdom, are 0.3 miles apart, the

distance through which the Earth rotates in one second, the one second we found to be a

natural constant at the basis of the the atom and solar system.!

The ancient Sumerians say they got there mathematics in their writings from the Gods who

came to Earth from the sky they called the Anunaki. Some have suggested the Anunaki were

ancient aliens. The Ancient Egyptians built enormous pyramids from heavy stones weighing

tons, somehow lifted 50 feet to be stacked in near perfect mathematical proportions. This has

been a deep mystery in Archaeology. Again some suggest ancient aliens here. As well India has

its mandalas, visual painted patterns that are said to represent the sounds of chants to use to

take them into deep meditational states. The patterns found in their mandalas match the

patterns created by sound putting sand grains on a plate with transducers to vibrate them with

tones in modern acoustics studies. Again, some have suggested ancient aliens here. I have

shown all three of these civilizations have a system of measurement (the Egyptians had a 24

hour day as well) that is intrinsic to the laws of nature describing the atom and the solar system

in modern times. It can be suggested that the second was given to them by ancient aliens.!

We have focused on the aspect of the solar system that is the Earth/Moon/Sun system in this

paper. For a more complete treatment of everything here read my paper Particles Physics, The

Solar System, And Biological Systems As One System.

A really good ﬁnd is the following…!

s = r θ

s = (6.371E6m)(7.27E − 5ra d ) = 463.1717m /s = 0.463k m /s = 0.2877mi ≈ 0.3mi

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My theory suggests the Sumerians could have ultimately got the unit of a second for

measuring time from ancient Aliens, they called the Anunaki who the say came from the sky.

The same second I have found is characteristic of our solar system and the proton. Scholars

have puzzled over the the depiction in Sumerian art of the strange watch-like bracelets around

the wrists of the Anunaki gods, who they say came from the sky and gave them mathematics.

They have twelve divisions like our clocks today have because the 12 and 6 o’clock positions

have two pointers running together as one. Click here to see the depictions:!

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Appendix 1: The Data For Verifying The Equations

(Proton Mass)

(Planck Constant)

(Proton Radius)

(Gravitational Constant)

(light speed)

(Fine Structure Constant)

Earth day=(24)(60)(60)=86,400 seconds. Using the Moon’s orbital velocity at aphelion, and

Earth’s orbital velocity at perihelion we have:

: 1.67262 × 10

−27

h : 6.62607 × 10

−34

J ⋅ s

: 0.833 × 10

−15

G: 6.67408 × 10

−11

c : 299,792,458m /s

α : 1/137

= q

= 1.6022E − 19coulom bs

= 8.988E 9

K E

moon

(7.347673E 22kg)(966m /s)

= 3.428E 28J

K E

earth

(5.972E 24kg)(30,290m /s)

= 2.7396E 33J

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The Author